How do you use et al?
How do you use et al?
Use the word “and” between the authors’ names within the text and use the ampersand in parentheses. In subsequent citations, only use the first author’s last name followed by “et al.” in the signal phrase or in parentheses. In et al., et should not be followed by a period.
What does et all mean?
Et al. is a scholarly abbreviation of the Latin phrase et alia, which means and others. It is commonly used when you don’t want to name all the people or things in a list, and works in roughly the same way as etc. The reorganization plan was designed by Alfred E.
How do you use et al example?
The most common way you’ll see et al. used in academic papers is in references, both for in-text citations and in the reference list. For example, you might see the phrase, “Horowitz et al. (2012) published ground-breaking research,” which means that Horowitz and others published the research.
How do you address et al?
The expression et al., which is always followed by a period, stands for “and others.” So the greetings above would mean: Dear John and others, Hello, Kimia and others.
Does et al always have a period?
This phrase means “and others.” Most commonly, et al. indicates other contributors (authors, editors, etc.) in a bibliographic list, such as “Feynman, Hawking, Sagan, et al.” There should always be a period after et al. to show it is an abbreviation.
Does et al need a comma?
The phrase “et al.”—from the Latin et alii, which literally means “and others”—must always be typed with a space between the two words and with a period after the “l” (since the “al.” is an abbreviation). A comma does not follow the abbreviation unless the sentence’s grammar requires it.
How many authors are needed to use et al?
1. Writers sometimes use the surname of the first author followed by et al. at the first mention of a work that has three, four, or five authors. Only when a work has six or more authors should the first in-text citation consist of the first author followed by et al.
How do you write italic et al?
Latin and italics: “et al.” is not italicized or underlined (van Leunen, p. 27: “Write it without either underlining or italics.”; Chicago Manual of Style 7.56: “Commonly used Latin words and abbreviations should not be italicized.
How Should et al be written?
In et al., et should not be followed by a period. Only “al” should be followed by a period. Since et al. is plural, it should always be a substitute for more than one name. In the case that et al. would stand in for just one author, write the author’s name instead.
How do you punctuate et al?
Punctuation. The “al” in “et al.” is always followed by a period. This is because the term is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase “et alia”—the period indicates that it is an abbreviation: et al.
How many authors do you cite in MLA?
If there are three or more authors, list only the first author followed by the phrase et al. (Latin for “and others”) in place of the subsequent authors’ names.
How do you do a work cited page?
Basic rulesBegin your Works Cited page on a separate page at the end of your research paper. Label the page Works Cited (do not italicize the words Works Cited or put them in quotation marks) and center the words Works Cited at the top of the page. Double space all citations, but do not skip spaces between entries.
How do you cite three authors in MLA?
If there are three or more authors, cite only the name of the first author listed with their Last Name, First Name Middle Name followed by a comma et al. Example: Smith, James, et al.
How do you cite many authors?
Multiple Authors2 Authors: Always cite both authors’ names in-text everytime you reference them. Example: Johnson and Smith (2009) found…6 or More Authors: If a document has six or more authors, simply provide the last name of the first author with “et al.” from the first citation to the last. Example:
Can you use et al for 2 authors?
The Latinate abbreviation “et al.” is short for “et alii,” which means, “and others,” and always refers to people, not objects. So if you had two authors, adding “et al.” would indicate that there were other authors – and since there are no other authors in this case, it is incorrect to use it.
How do you cite 4 authors in APA in text?
Specifically, articles with one or two authors include all names in every in-text citation; articles with three, four, or five authors include all names in the first in-text citation but are abbreviated to the first author name plus et al.
How do you cite 4 authors in APA?
APA in-text citations with multiple authors If there are three or more authors, only include the first author’s last name followed by “et al.”, meaning “and others”. Group authors known by their abbreviations (e.g., CDC) are written in full the first time and are abbreviated in subsequent citations.
How do you cite more than three authors in APA?
More Than Seven Authors List by last names and initials; commas separate author names. After the sixth author’s name, use an ellipsis in place of the author names. Then provide the final author name. There should be no more than seven names.
How do you cite three authors in APA?
NOTE: The in-text citation for works with three or more authors is shortened to the first author’s name followed by et al. and the year. References: Author Surname, First Initial.
How do you cite in APA format?
When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, like, for example, (Jones, 1998). One complete reference for each source should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.