How is dBZ calculated?

For example, if Z = 4000 mm6m-3, then dBZ = 10(log10 4000) » 10 x 3.6 = 36 dBZ.

What is dBZ rain?

dBZ stands for decibel relative to Z. In short, the higher the dBZ value, the more likely it is for severe weather to occur in the form of precipitation. Values above 20 dBZ usually indicate falling precipitation.

What does negative dBZ mean?

detecting very small hydrometeors

What does Blue on radar mean?

Purple= Extremely heavy rain or hail. Winter Weather Colors. White or Blue= Snow. Pink= Freezing Rain or Sleet or Both. Sometimes snow can show up as yellow or orange as the radar may think it is small hail.

What does GREY mean on radar?

The colors are the different radial velocities measured by the radar. In velocity images, red colors indicated wind moving away from the radar with green colors indicating motion toward the radar. The transition zone between incoming and outgoing winds are indicated the gray-ish colors between the two.

What type of tornado is most frequent?

Tornadoes that come from a supercell thunderstorm are the most common, and often the most dangerous. A rotating updraft is a key to the development of a supercell, and eventually a tornado.

What tools are used to predict tornadoes?

Tools used to measure tornadoes include barometers, Doppler radar and “turtles.” Tornadoes are classified by the amount of damage they produce.

How can you tell a tornado is coming?

Besides an obviously visible tornado, here are some things to look and listen for:

Strong, persistent rotation in the cloud base.
Whirling dust or debris on the ground under a cloud base — tornadoes sometimes have no funnel!
Hail or heavy rain followed by either dead calm or a fast, intense wind shift.

Can you smell a tornado?

If it’s in a populated area, it becomes more of a thundering sound. And then actually even the smell of tornadoes—if you’re in the right place, you get a strong odor of fresh-cut grass, or occasionally, if it’s destroyed a house, natural gas.

Can humans smell rain?

Of course, rain itself has no scent. But moments before a rain event, an “earthy” smell known as petrichor does permeate the air. People call it musky, fresh — generally pleasant. A byproduct of their activity is an organic compound called geosmin, which contributes to the petrichor scent.

What is the smell of sperm?

Semen normally smells like ammonia, bleach, or chlorine. Semen is about 1 percent sperm and 99 percent other compounds, enzymes, proteins, and minerals. Many of these substances are alkaline. This means that they’re above a 7 on the pH scale, which is measured from 0 (highly acidic) to 14 (highly alkaline).

Can humans smell Geosmin?

Geosmin has a distinct earthy or musty odor, which most people can easily smell. The odor detection threshold of geosmin is very low, ranging from 0.006 to 0.01 micrograms per liter in water.

What smells are humans sensitive?

Scents that humans are particularly attuned to include chemical components in bananas, flowers, blood and sometimes pee. In 2013, Laska and colleagues tested the abilities of humans, mice and spider monkeys to detect urine odors found in common mouse predators.

What can humans smell better than sharks?

That means human noses are 200,000X more sensitive to geosmin, which is also the source of the earthy taste in some vegetables, than a shark is to blood. Humans are really sensitive about ozone as well, some can smell it at a concentration of 10 parts per billion, probably because it is dangerous at high levels.