Who invented the 4 by 4 magic square?

In the mid-19th century in upstate New York, Noyes Palmer Chapman, an amateur puzzle enthusiast, made a physical model of a magic square such that the numbers from 1 to 16 were on small wooden squares that could be fit in a 4×4 box.

What is the magic number to the magic square?

The magic number is (1 + 2 + 3 + + n²) : n =0.5 * (n²+1) * n. Once again: A square is magic, if the numbers have the same sum in the rows, the columns and the diagonals. A square is semi-magic, if the numbers have the same sum only in the rows and the columns.

What is the oldest magic square?

The oldest magic square of order four was found inscribed in Khajuraho, India dating to the eleventh or twelfth century. This magic square is also known as the diabolic or panmagic square, where, in addition to the rows, columns, and diagonals the broken diagonals also have the same sum.

Did Ben Franklin invent magic squares?

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) often amused himself and his newspaper and almanac readers in colonial America with “Mathematical Diversions.” He discovered a method of constructing “magic squares” of sequential numbers that would create the same sums in the rows, columns, and diagonals.

What are the uses of sorcery in society?

Sorcery fulfills various needs in society, such as protecting people and livestock against disaster, outsiders and enemies; redressing wrongs and meting out justice; controlling the environment; and explaining frightening phenomena. Sorcery is low Magic: it is not a set of beliefs, like high magic, but is mechanistic and intuitive.

What’s the difference between sorcery and high magic?

Sorcery is low Magic: it is not a set of beliefs, like high magic, but is mechanistic and intuitive. Some societies still make distinctions between sorcery and witchcraft. many African tribes view witchcraft as thoroughly evil, while sorcery is close to religion.

Where does the word sorcery come from in French?

The word sorcery comes from the French sors, for “spell,” and refers to the casting of spells or the use of charms to influence love, fertility, luck, health and wealth. The French word for “witch” is sorcier.

Which is the correct order for a magic square?

So a square with 3 rows and columns is Order 3, and a square with 4 rows and columns is Order 4 and so on. If you’d like to find out more about how to make up your own magic squares, and the mathematics behind it all, you can go to some other pages on the website such as Magic Squares and Magic Squares II . But why are they called magic?