What is a high intrinsic clearance?

With a high intrinsic clearance, the hepatic metabolism is highly effective at removing the drug from the circulation. Increased blood flow will increase the delivery of the substrate to the enzyme system, and the enzyme system will cope admirably.

What is organ clearance?

Abstract. The removal capacity of an eliminating organ by metabolism and/or excretion is often expressed as its clearance. Metabolic and excretory clearances are considered to be mutually independent, and the sum of these constitute the whole organ clearance.

What is apparent clearance?

Equal to the drug dose divided by the area-under-the-curve. Used in pharmacokinetic trials where bioavailability is unknown.

How is apparent clearance calculated?

Concept of Clearance The clearance of substance x (Cx) can be calculated as Cx = Ax /Px, where Ax is the amount of x eliminated from the plasma, Px is the average plasma concentration, and Cx is expressed in units of volume per time.

What is considered a high VD?

If the volume of distribution is larger than 42, the drug is thought to be distributed to all tissues in the body, especially the fatty tissue. Some drugs have volume of distribution values greater than 10,000 L! This means that most of the drug is in the tissue, and very little is in the plasma circulating.

What is a high VD?

A drug with a high Vd has a propensity to leave the plasma and enter the extravascular compartments of the body, meaning that a higher dose of a drug is required to achieve a given plasma concentration. (High Vd -> More distribution to other tissue) (Low Vd -> Less distribution to other tissue)

How does dehydration affect drug absorption?

The reduction in the drug–plasma concentration in dehydrated rabbits may be attributed to higher osmolarity of the blood, interfering with rapid absorption of the drug from the gastrointestinal tract.

Do all drugs that are highly plasma protein bound have small volumes of distribution?

Usually, the acidic drugs which are plasma protein bound have smaller Vds. The basic drugs that are bound to extravascular sites extensively comparatively have a larger Vd (Wooten, 2012). However, Vd is greatly affected by the disease state of the patient.

What is the entry of drugs into the plasma?

The extent of drug distribution into tissues depends on the degree of plasma protein and tissue binding. In the bloodstream, drugs are transported partly in solution as free (unbound) drug and partly reversibly bound to blood components (eg, plasma proteins, blood cells).

Which drug form is most rapidly absorbed?

Test 1- LP 1

Question	Answer
What drug form is most rapidly absorbed from the GI tract?	Suspension
Enteric coated tablets are absorbed from	Intestines
What effect does food usually have on dissolution and absorption?	Interferes with

What does it mean when a drug is 50% protein bound?

Answer: The percentage of drug NOT protein bound is the amount of drug that is free to work as expected. In this case, 50% is unable to be effective, because it is protein-bound.

Which organ receives drug slowly?

Some drugs leave the bloodstream very slowly because they bind tightly to proteins circulating in the blood. Others quickly leave the bloodstream and enter other tissues because they are less tightly bound to blood proteins. Some or virtually all molecules of a drug in the blood may be bound to blood proteins.

What drugs are excreted by the kidneys?

drugs excreted by the kidney

antibiotics:
beta blockers.
diuretics.
lithium.
digoxin.
procainamide.
cimetidine.
ranitidine.

What four routes are drugs excreted?

Some drugs are excreted in saliva, sweat, breast milk, and even exhaled air. Most are excreted in small amounts.

Which tissue has the greatest capacity to Biotransform drugs?

Liver